Planning of Sustainable Industrial Areas in India
Case Study

Main features and components

Both, Site Master Planning, as well as revision of existing Site Master Plans need to take into consideration following key issues:

• The results of site suitability assessment;
• The zoning of industries considering the pollution potential of industries, and restrictions on certain types of polluting industries;
• The definition of block sizes and width of infrastructure corridors as per industrial development requirements, and environmental considerations (green corridors, meso-climatic conditions, Heat Island effects);
• Planning of common infrastructures considering environmental protection standards and issues (transportation and logistics, water, energy and media supply, waste and waste water management, storm water management, blue-green infrastructures, resource efficiency, social infrastructures, security, and management infrastructures, disaster management);
• Advanced building standards (energy efficiency, heat waves, etc.)

Upgrading of an existing industrial park

The industrial site of Jadcherla already had a Site Master Plan (SMP) that was revised to green the not yet fully implemented first SMP. In a participatory process involving the various stakeholders of the industrial site, GIZ revised the SMP and defined implementation steps for greening Jadcherla industrial park.

Planning of a new eco-industrial park

The Association of Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh (ALEAP), established in 1993, is a state level organisation with the objective of uplifting and empowering women through the establishment of small and medium enterprises. To promote women entrepreneurship, ALEAP decided to develop ‘ALEAP – Green Industrial Park’ (A-GRIP) at Nandigama near Hyderabad in the newly formed State of Telangana. A-GRIP is envisioned to provide an environment conducive for women entrepreneurs and to employ state-of-the-art technologies, including clean technologies, renewable energy technologies, environmental technologies and cost-effective common infrastructure.

Implementation / work steps

Upgrading of an existing industrial park

Upgrading of the existing Site Master Plan (SMP) was achieved through a four-step approach based on intense stakeholder participation.

• Step 1: Training workshop to identify potentials for “Greening” of the existing SMP
• Step 2: Recommendation by GIZ consultants for “Greening” of the existing SMP
• Step 3: Participatory planning process:
  • Training Workshop on Planning of New Green Industrial Parks and Investment Zones for park development authority
  • Orientation day for park development authorities: different working groups working on missing
  • infrastructures and missing aspects in the existing industrial park
  • Three-day training programme: analyses of the short-comings of the existing SMP, discussion of appropriated solutions, proposal of a five-year plan to green the industrial park
• Step 4: Finalizing of the revised SMP according to the norms and standards with detailed measures and values.

Planning of A-GRIP

The planning of the Site Master Plan of A-GRIP developed thematic layers taking into consideration the competing goals of environment friendly master planning as well as economic viability through maximization of saleable plots. A technical process had been followed for spatial planning of A-GRIP wherein each stage served as a premise for the stage succeeding it.

These stages were:

• Stage 1: Project envisioning exercise – a consultative process with all the stakeholders including ALEAP and future tenants of the industrial park
• Stage 2: Site analysis – to understand the context of site, topography, drainage pattern, surface water, wind, radiation and rainfall to interpret the site profile to determine its impact on spatial planning and design
• Stage 3: Need assessment – two site visits provided a better understanding of the physical conditions, transportation connections, access, nature of the surrounding uses
• Stage 4: Concept development – to reflect upon the integrated planning approach and reconceptualise the plan in order to relate the vision with the design
• Stage 5: Preparation of thematic plans and report
• Stage 6: Detailed master plan

Further steps

Up-scaling and replication of these demonstrated technologies and experiences is expected to take place under full responsibility of the partners. IGEP coaches the process and offers technical assistance if required. The programme also advises on how to monitor the impact of the up-scaled development measure.

Requirements

• The willingness to plan a sustainable industrial park must exist
• Commitment of the stakeholders to cooperate
• Information about the industries and possible investments attracted to the park should be available

Lessons learnt

• The application of the following quality parameters was found to bring in a number of benefits: economic, technical, environmental, socio-functional, administrative and management quality
• The participatory approach chosen in Jadcherla allowed achieving a feasible and effective upgrading plan meeting the requirements of the silver standard as per the German Sustainable Building Council rating system.
• Integration of eco-industrial considerations and standards in the SMP for A-GRID required an iterative consultation and discussion process with the technical planners (realisation) and the customers (development of a vision). Finally, the approach allowed meeting the requirements of the gold standard as per the German Sustainable Building Council rating system.

Output

• Revised Site Master Plan for Jadcherla: The application of the quality parameters helped the park in Jadcherla to qualify for a silver rating as per the German Sustainable Building Council rating system.
• Final detailed master plan for A-GRIP: The application of the quality parameters helped A-GRIP to qualify for a gold rating as per the German Sustainable Building Council rating system.
• Reference documents are developed to support environment-friendly site master planning of new industrial parks and upgrading of existing ones. Case studies can serve as nationwide best practice examples